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Two kinds of the sublime in the early 18th century: the rhetorical sublime and the pathetic sublime. 전자의 경우 the sublime의 효과가 설득의 수단, 후자는 그 자체가 목적이며 미학적 즐거움이 목적. 미학적 카테고리로서의 the sublime의 등장. Burke's Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful 1. He holds that sublimity in some way depends on qualities residing in the object. 2. He brings with him the idea of a relation between aesthetic and the pathetic. 3. The keystone of Burke's Aesthetic is emotion, and the foundation of his theory of sublimity is the emotion of terror. ...It was Burke who converted the early taste for terror into an aesthetic system. 4. Burke 원문인용(p.87) It gives me pleasure to see nature in these great though terrible scenes. It fills the mind with grand ideas, and turns the soul upon itself. 5. Enquiry 주요내용(p.91) The whole system is based on the antithesis of pain and pleasure, the one being the foundation of the sublime, the other of the beautiful. ...Burke is interested in the fact that we can derive pleasure even from pain when we judge aesthetically, and introducing pain as the basis of sublimity. 6. Burke 원문인용(p.91) Whatever is fitted in any sort to excite the ideas of pain, and danger, that is to say, whatever is in any sort terrible, or is conversant about terrible objects, or operates in a manner analogous to terror, is a source of the sublime; that is, it is productive of the strongest emotion which the mind is capable of feeling....When danger or pain press too nearly, they are incapable of giving any delight, they are incapable of giving any delight, and are simply terrible; but at certain distances, and with certain modifications, they may be, and they are delightful, as we every day experience (I, 7). 7. Burke는 the sublime과 the beautiful을 명확하게 구분하고, 미학적 체계를 오로지 신체의 상태, 즉 passions에 입각하여 확립하려고 시도함. 즉 오로지 자신의 신체적, 정신적 존재의 관찰에 입각해서 미학적 체계를 세우려고함. 8. Burke에게는 결과적으로 만들어지는 passions가 뭐냐가 중요하지 그 원인이 중요하지 않다. the emotions produced, not the object that produces it, is the important factor in Burke's aesthetic. 9. Burke's list of the sublimity obscurity, power, privations, vastness, infinity, difficulty, magnificence. 이런 것들로 the non-rational element in art를 중시함. 이런 측면에서 규칙, 균형, 조화 같은 것들을 숭상한 신고전주의에서 멀어지고 낭만주의를 미리 준비한 측면이 있음. 10. Burke's idea of "magnificent disorder" 11. Darkness is more productive, "melancholy kind of greatness"(p.95) 12 The sublime에 관한 인용문(p.97): if the pain and terror are so modified as not to be actually noxious...they are capable of producing delight: not pleasure, but a sort of delightful horror, a sort of tranquility tinged with terror;...Its object is the sublime. Its highest degree I call astonishment; the subordinate degrees are awe, reverence, and respect...(IV, 6, 7) 13. 미학적 판단에 있어 경험주의/물질주의로 돌아감. Sublime의 origin보다는 effect에 집중. the sublime을 너무 terror에만 집중하여 다른 감정들을 배제한 경향이 있음. 나중에는 Burke의 sublime론의 명성이 떨어졌지만 "the sensations and the psychological influences"에 관심을 기울이면서 the cult of romantic terror를 준비한 공로가 있음.
 
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